A Rare Low-Grade Glioma with Stevens Jonson’s Syndrome - Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: The brain has a complicated structure within the body, but the CNS develops during growth and development in three stages: cytogenesis, histogenesis, and organogenesis, which determine the CNS's final makeup and shape. Organogenesis occurs in children when neural and extra-neural tissues mingle, causing a growing lesion inside the skull. Nearly 20% of the second-most prevalent group of paediatric neoplasms after leukaemia either a benign or malignant primary brain tumour may exist. The majority of infratentorial and close-to-midline brain tumours result in hydrocephalus. Astrocytomas, ependymomas, craniopharyngiomas, and malignant gliomas are the most prevalent supratentorial tumours. Additionally, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens Johnson's syndrome (SJS) are now thought to be variations of the same hypertension illness. These conditions affect 1 to 3 million children each year. The degree of epidermal detachment determines the classification; a transitional SJS with less than 10% and 30% epidermal detachment is most frequently confused with Kawasaki illnesses. Case presentation: 9-year-old male child came with complaints of ataxic gait in the past 7 days and vomiting in the past 20 days. As narrated by the father patient was well 7 days back then the patient had difficulty walking due to an ataxic gait, the patient fell on the ground and had a head injury and had no vomiting, fever, loss of consciousness, and no altered sensorium. The patient had 4 episodes of vomiting yesterday and 2 episodes today morning, non-bilious, non-projectile, and containing sputum, patient had a headache that was progressive, intermittent no blurring of vision, not fever but vomiting. The patient then came for further management. Conclusion: The second most prevalent type of paediatric neoplasm after leukaemia, organogenesis in the kid occurs when neural and extra neural tissue combines to form a growing lesion inside the skull either a benign or malignant primary brain tumour may exist. The majority of infratentorial and close-to-midline brain tumours result in hydrocephalus. Additionally, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens Johnson's syndrome (SJS) are now thought to be variations of the same hypertension illness. With the development of newer diagnostic methods like MRI, CT, SPECT, PET, and newer electroencephalography techniques as well as evoked potential, it is now possible to accurately diagnose and delineate a variety of neurological alignments. The incidence of these conditions ranges from 1 to 3 million per child lower the risk of morbidity.