A rare constellation of horseshoe lung with lung malformation and hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a case report

Abstract

Introduction. The aim of the paper is demonstrating the possibilities of CT angiography in newborns with suspected combinations of a congenital heart defect and pulmonary malformations.Materials and methods. The article presents a clinical case of a rare constellation of horseshoe lung with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, right lung hypoplasia and intralobar pulmonary sequestration of the right lung.Results. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is mandatory in visualization of rare complex congenital heart and bronchovascular anomaly.Discussion. Horseshoe lung is a rare congenital anomaly of childhood in which the caudal and basal segments of the lungs are joined together anterior to the aorta and behind the left ventricle. This anomaly was described for the first time by Spenser in 1962. Horseshoe lung is often associated with unilateral lung hypoplasia, most commonly involving the right lung, and can occur in conjunction with scimitar syndrome, which includes hypoplasia of the right lung, abnormal right pulmonary venous return, and abnormal arterial supply to the right lung.Conclusion. Presented case report demonstrates current postnatal examination possibilities (CT, angiography) in the diagnostics of a rare congenital heart and bronchovascular anomaly — hyperplastic left heart, intralobar pulmonary sequestration of the right lung, anomalous venous return, anomalous hepatic venous drainage. The incidence of this disorder is approximately 1–3 per 100 000 births.