A rare complication of acute appendicitis: Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis

Abstract

IntroductionVery few cases of superior mesenteric vein thrombosis have been reported as a complication of appendicitis. In these handful of cases, the thrombosis was identified early with computerised tomography scan and patients have been managed conservatively with antibiotics and anticoagulation. Presentation of caseA 45-year-old gentleman presented to the emergency department with a 13-day history of right lower quadrant abdominal pain and rigors. CT scan of the abdomen revealed an appendicular mass and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. The patient was initially managed by anticoagulation and antibiotics for two weeks and was discharged after satisfactory clinical improvement. He represented after discharge for increased severity of his abdominal pain and abnormal inflammatory markers. Emergency open appendicectomy for complicated appendicitis was performed and his postoperative course was unremarkable. He was discharged on the 7th postoperative day with anticoagulation. Outpatient review at two months was unremarkable. DiscussionAcute appendicitis is a common surgical presentation where history and examination is key in clinching the diagnosis. Inflammatory markers and imaging modalities such as a CT scan can be helpful. Although surgical intervention is the mainstay of treatment, conservative management with antibiotics is an option if the diagnosis of appendicitis is equivocal. Recent evidence has revealed that elective appendicectomy is not necessary upon successful conservative management. Acute appendicitis can lead to local perforations and abscesses. Complications such as thrombosis in the superior mesenteric vein are rare and can be managed successfully with anticoagulants. ConclusionAlthough this is a rare complication of appendicitis, the case was managed successfully with a conservative approach. This is inline with the general consensus which is to treat superior mesenteric vein thrombosis secondary to appendicitis conservatively unless the patient deteriorates.