Abstract

A spinal cord stimulator (SCS) delivers electric fields in the epidural space, which is thought to alleviate pain via the gate control theory, wide-dynamic range neuron modulation, and cortical modulation.1 SCS hardware malfunctions outnumber biological complications.2,3 Of hardware complications, lead migration remains the most common ranging from 8.5%–21.0% of cases, followed by lead fracture occurring in 4.3%–10.2% of cases.2

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