A rare case of a scuba diver's death due to propeller injuries of a desalination pump

Water skiing, boat racing, skin and scuba diving, and pleasure boat cruising are increasing in popularity. As a result the incidence of injuries secondary to motor propellers is becoming more frequent. In a ten-year period from 1963 to 1973, I collected a total of nine cases. In some amputations were necessary, and in other cases amputations occurred at the time of injury. Problems with bacterial flora occurring in open sea water versus salt water enclosed near docks and fresh lake water are discussed. A review of the orthopedic literature revealed sparse information regarding propeller injuries.

Water skiing, boat racing, skin and scuba diving, as well as just pleasure cruising are increasing in popularity. As a result, the incidence of injuries secondary to motor propellers is becoming more frequent. In a 15-year period (1963 to 1978), the author has collected a total of 32 cases of propeller injuries. The some cases amputations were necessary and in other cases amputations occurred at the time of injury. Problems with bacterial flora (Pseudomonas sp.) occur in open sea water. Salt water enclosed near docks and fresh lake water may have many different organisms because of contamination with raw or treated sewage. Bacterial contamination was a problem in the majority of the cases. The initial handling of the wounds was important in the final outcome. Difficulties with prosthetic fitting and management have occurred. It is hoped that legislation requiring safety propellers and compulsory third-party presence in water ski boats will be forthcoming. A search of the orthopaedic literature both in English and foreign languages revealed sparse information referable to propeller injuries.

Fatal propeller injuries: Three autopsy case reports

Water-Related Vaginal Injury: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Orders & Contracts

The impact of tourism and personal leisure transport on coastal environments: A review

Sri Lanka is a small island in the Indian Ocean. The maritime environment has long been one of the most attractive settings for tourism and recreation. The concept of maritime tourism comprises all tourism activities linked to the sea and the coastline. In addition to the function of pleasure boats and sails, it allows for a wide range of bodily functions such as water skiing, windsurfing, underwater fishing, scuba diving, swimming, and marine park tours. Numerous reports on the socioeconomic and environmental effects of environmental change and adaptation, including such changes in marine and coastal contexts, have been published in the scientific literature on sustainability. The objective of the study is to investigate the environmental and security risks posed by the maritime tourism industry to Sri Lanka's marine ecosystem. Qualitative methodology was used for this research and secondary data sources were also used. The research work was carried out by analyzing the literary sources in multiple ways and for data analysis SPSS was used. Tourism adds another layer of challenges to our marine environment, and its rapid global growth means those challenges have multiplied dramatically over the past few years. Tourism’s impact on the marine environment examines these trends in detail. The impact of tourism on oceans’ waste, waste and plastics. A bi-directional relationship between climate change and global warming and marine environments and coastal tourist destinations and Impacts of recreational activities such as diving and offshore fishing on the marine environment, including coral reefs. The consumption of marine resources to meet the tourist demand for products of the sea and souvenirs that impoverish the oceanic resources. Natural and man-made disasters that have their origins in the oceans, but affect coastal tourism destinations. The challenges of marine tourism planning and management, as well as the impacts of the construction of new resorts and tourism infrastructure. According to all these studies factors, the maritime tourism industry in Sri Lanka has a number of irregular problems. This seems to have an impact on maritime security and the ecosystem as well.
 Keywords: Environment, Security issues, Marine tourism, Sri Lanka’s marine ecosystem

The paper discussed the economic prospects and challenges of sustainable tourism in Lakshadweep islands. Lakshadweep is the only coral atolls in India. Agatti, Amini, Andrott, Bangaram, Bitra, Chetlat, Kadmat, Kalpeni, Kavaratti, Kiltan and Minicoy are major islands. Bangaram, Agatti, Kadmath, Minicoy, Kalpeni, and Kavaratti are popular tourist destinations. Yachting, sportfishing, night sea voyages, scuba diving, water skiing, canoeing, kayaking, surfing, snorkelling and wind surfing are the major water sports activities. The vast expanses of the shallow lagoons are perfect for water sports enthusiasts. The Dolphin Dive Centre and Ujra mosque are the major tourist attractions. Wind surfers, Kayaks and ailing boats are available on hire. Tourism sector is a growing sector in Lakshadweep. It has contributed in the economy of the islands. There are prospects of marine tourism, adventure tourism and eco-tourism. There are many challenges before the tourism industry. Therefore, government should implement proper tourism policy for expansion of the tourism industry balancing with the environment of the islands.

Ear Problems in Swimmers

Eilat city is located in the southern part of the state of Israel on the coast line of the Red-Sea, 10 Km west of Aqaba city in Jordan. The Red Sea is one of the most interesting seas in the world for scuba diving and it makes Eilat the most attractive area for recreation in Israel. Swimming, scuba diving, sailing, water skiing, wind surfing and other recreation activities can be enjoyed in Eilat throughout the whole year. In the year 1992 it was decided by the Eilat Foreshore Development Company Ltd. which is a government company to continue with the realisation of the master plan consisting of the Artificial Lagoons project. The building of the project will enable the company to provide more areas for building hotels (3,000 rooms), enlarging the existing marina, and providing more swimming area by adding a 1000 meters length of water line with sandy beaches. Construction works were started in September 1993 and are expected to be finished in September 1995.

To ascertain the nature and extent of motorboat propeller injuries in Wisconsin. Retrospective study of deaths and injuries from outboard motor propellers reported to the Wisconsin Division of Health, Vital Statistics, and reported by a statewide retrospective survey of emergency departments. For the study period 1987 through 1989, three fatalities were found in Vital Statistics and Emergency Department records and 14 nonfatal injuries reported by respondents to the Wisconsin emergency department survey. Thirty-six percent (5 of 14) of the nonfatal injuries occurred in water skiers. Injuries involved the lower extremities in 10 of 14 nonfatal cases (71%), frequently in association with other anatomic areas. At least three cases involved very severe injuries, with mean acute care medical charges of more than $100,000 per case. Where boating is common, fatal and severe injuries from propellers occur with regularity. These injuries are often severe, requiring complicated and expensive treatment. The authors urge improved documentation of the incidence of propeller injuries, and an active exploration of prevention strategies including fitting motorboat propellers with guards.

Sudden death due to primary atrial neoplasms: Report of two cases and review of literature

Embolization is a well-recognized phenomenon in medicine and forensic pathology and generally involves formed blood elements, bone, air, amniotic fluid, or more exotic items such as bullets. We report the embolization of a chain-saw link. The case demonstrates how, without complete autopsy and investigation, a penetrating sharp-force injury could be misdiagnosed and a false conclusion as to the commission of a crime could occur. Although the forensic literature is replete with examples of bizarre emboli, from bullets to suspected crystals of methylmethacrylate, a literature review failed to find a single case of penetrating chain-saw-link injury as a cause of traumatic death. Most reports of chain-saw incidents cite accidental injuries to hands and arms or dramatic facial injuries due to entrapment and recoil (1,2). One fatality occurred from a skull fracture and cerebral injury when a 19-year-old man fell onto a saw.

The interpretation of cranial base injuries has never been investigated from a purely anthropological perspective. Very little exists in forensic literature in order to interpret the significance of cranial base fractures. We analyzed 296 cases of deaths due to skull-brain injuries. The frequency of vault fractures was 75.7% and that of base fractures was 91.9%. We observed the distribution of cases of death according to manner of death and manner of injury and number of fossae involved. These observations were analytically compared to different variables (age, sex, manner of injury, and mode of injury). The study presented the proportion of base fractures associated with vault fractures, and the frequency of absence of base fracture in subjects with no vault fractures. Interesting associations of base fractures to age and manner of death are shown.

Human Contact With A Small Crafts Propeller Can Cause Serious Injury. Propellers Are Large, Heavy, Sharp, Very Strong, Almost Knife-Like, And Spin At High Rotational Velocities. On A Small High-Speed Recreational Craft, The Propeller Blade Tip Velocity May Be Four To Five Times The Vessel Speed. Propeller Injuries Are Generally Quite Severe, Often Involving Multiple Deep Lacerations With And Without Cortical (Bone) Damage Distributed Over A Wide Area Of The Body. There Is A Characteristic Pattern To The Geometry Of These Injuries. With A Co-Ordinate System Defined Relative To The Boat At Rest, Each Cut Corresponding To The Path Of A Propeller Blade As The Moving Water Pulls The Body Through Part Of The Area Swept By The Propeller. This Unique Pattern Is The Physical Evidence Of The Overboard Persons Trajectory And Can Yield Information About The Point Of Water Entry Relative To The Vessel. Applications Requiring High Thrust At A Relatively Low Speed, Such As Water Skiing, Wakeboarding And Parasailing, Result In Unusual Demands On Both The Propulsion System And On The Maneuvering Capabilities Of The Vessel (See Figure 1). As A Result, There Are Additional Hazards Associated With Propeller Contact That May Not Be Anticipated By Even Experienced Small Craft Operators.