Abstract
A quantitative analysis of ginsenoside is very important for ginseng studies because each ginsenoside shows different medical activity and metabolic pathway. In this study, a rapid, simultaneous, and quantitative analysis of 26 ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2(R), Rg2(S), Rg3(S), Rg3(R), Rg5, Rg6, Rh1(R), Rh1(S), Rh2(R), Rh2(S), F1, F2, F3, F4, K, Mc, PPT(S), XVII, and Y) in white, and red Panax ginseng was established using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). The mobile phase of water and methanol containing 0.1% formic acid and HSS T3 C18 analytical column was used for the chromatographic separation. The four sets of stereoisomers were successfully separated within a 26-min run time, eluting the S-isomer faster than the R-isomer with higher concentration. The ginseng extract was diluted by 100, 400 and 8000 times to fit in the calibration range and quantitated by the standard addition method. Matrix matched calibration by mixing 64 µL of the ginseng extract with 16 µL of the standard solution was used for compensating the matrix effect. Such quantitation methodology using dilution, standard addition and matrix matching resulted in precise and unambiguous quantitation of 26 ginsenosides in ginseng products. Major ginsenosides were observed at relatively higher concentrations in red Panax ginseng and the Mc was detected and quantitated for the first time in this study. The comprehensive quantitation system established in this study will contribute to quality evaluation, breeding and culturing, and quantitative metabolomics study of ginseng.
Highlights
The UHPLC-MS/MS method developed was successfully applied to quantitation of those in commercial white Panax ginseng (WG) and red Panax ginseng (RG)
Quantitation by standard addition method An aliquot (64 μL) of ginseng extract without dilution was used as quantitation group I (QG-I), and another aliquot was diluted by 100 (QG-II), 400(QG-III), and 8000 times (QG-IV) with 70% methanol, respectively
Quantitation group II (QG-III) was for Rd, Rf, Rg3(R, S), Rg5 and Rh1(R, S) and Quantitation group II (QG-IV) was for Rb1, Rb2, Rc and Re
Summary
The Korean ginseng belonging to Panax, family Araliaceae has been known as medicinal herbs and used for functional foods and dietary supplements which can provide various benefits such as immunity-boosting, antiinflammatory, antioxidative activity, fatigue recovery, blood flow improvement, and memory improvement [1, 2]. A rapid and simultaneous analysis of 26 ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2(R), Rg2(S), Rg3(S), Rg3(R), Rg5, Rg6, Rh1(R), Rh1(S), Rh2(R), Rh2(S), F1, F2, F3, F4, K, Mc, PPT(S), XVII, and Y) was achieved quantitatively with 26 min of chromatographic running time using MRM mode on UHPLC-MS/MS, including chromatographic separation of isomeric ginsenosides.
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