Abstract
AbstractIn this paper, we use a simple and cheap approach for the synthesis of herceptin-conjugated graphene biosensor to detect the HER2-positive breast cancer cells. The bifunctional graphene-herceptin nanosheets are prepared from graphite by a simple ultrasonic-mediated technique. The prepared protein-mediated graphene is fully characterized. The results show the exfoliation of graphene layers in herceptin solution. Moreover, herceptin is effectively conjugated into the surface of graphene nanosheets. The synthesized herceptin-conjugated graphene is applied for breast cancer detection. The linear range of this biosensor is 1–80 cells, which is significant. The biosensor shows an excellent selectivity performance for detection of HER2-positive cancer cells. Likewise, the stability and functionality of the biosensor is about 40 days. Based on the results, this device is a promising candidate for rapid and selective detection of cancer cells.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases in the world [1,2,3,4] and the most common cancer among women is breast cancer [5]
Various nanomaterials have been used in biomedical engineering [11,12,13,14,15,16] as well as immunosensors and biosensors such as metal oxide nanoparticles [17], carbonbased nanomaterials [18,19], noble metal nanoparticles [20], and metal nitride nanoparticles [21]
Beside high surface area and π conjugation structure of graphene that allow a high capability for binding to other molecules, this material possesses cavities and has a tunable structure which makes it suitable for electroanalysis [23]
Summary
Cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases in the world [1,2,3,4] and the most common cancer among women is breast cancer [5]. Based on the existed challenges, there is still required a nonaggressive, safe, rapid, and easy method to detect breast cancer [5,6]. Electrochemical biosensing is one of those methods that can detect and quantify the biologic species without destroying the system [7,8,9] due to its high specificity, sensitivity, portability, low-cost preparation, and low response time [10]. Beside high surface area and π conjugation structure of graphene that allow a high capability for binding to other molecules, this material possesses cavities and has a tunable structure which makes it suitable for electroanalysis [23]. Some recent successful cytosensors are based on several cell detections such as
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