Abstract
This project demonstrates the efficiency of a relatively simple protocol developed to detect lead service lines (LSLs) by measuring the concentrations of lead at the tap using an onsite analyzer. Concentrations obtained with a portable anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) analyzer are successfully compared with inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) results (R2 = 0.991). The limitations of the portable ASV for detecting particulate lead without digestion were also demonstrated. Various sampling protocols were investigated, and a field sampling protocol was developed to specifically detect LSLs in the district under study. The field protocol was then tested successfully (agreement of 96%) in other city districts by means of excavation to confirm the presence of an LSL.
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