A rapid magnetization preparation for MRI measurements of sprays

Abstract

The process of spray atomization, i.e., the transformation of a continuous liquid jet into μm-sub-mm sized droplets, is ubiquitous in industry yet quite complex to analyze theoretically and study experimentally.One of the main strengths of MRI is its ability to sensitize spatially-resolved NMR signal to a wide variety of physical and chemical parameters. However, standard preparation schemes are difficult to employ for studies of sprays due to sprays’ fast speeds (>10–20m/s). In addition, sprays are usually low-density systems, leading to a poor SNR and a need for massive signal averaging and long acquisition time.In this paper, we reduced the interval between the preparation and the readout stages by performing SPI encoding on the rising gradients. This also enabled the use of 90-degree flip angles to maximize the spray signal and saturate the stationary water signal while avoiding unwanted slice-selection. The use of gradients during preparation stage was eliminated due to their time-consuming rise and stabilization times limiting possible preparation schemes to a combination of RF pulses and delays.The two preparation schemes presented here are Time-of-Flight (TOF) and T1ρ-weighting schemes. The total duration of the sequence (without TR) was 240–1100μs for the TOF and 410μs for T1ρ. The T1ρ prepared images of the near-atomization region (11 spin-locking frequencies, 0–15kHz) showed a strong signal attenuation at higher frequencies. In series of TOF images the clearly noticeable displacement of the liquid parcel can be utilized to measure spray speeds.