Abstract
Extreme rainfall in East Jakarta on February 19, 2021 caused flooding in a number of subdistricts. The research was conducted in the central part of Kali Sunter, which flows through three subdistricts, namely Cipinang Melayu, Cipinang Muara, and Pondok Bambu. The purpose of the study was to do flood hazard modeling and analyze the characteristics of flood-affected areas based on land use and topography. Inundation and flood hazard maps is done by: calculating the flood discharge using the SCS-CN method, flood inundation modelling using HEC-RAS, and analyzing the characteristics of the inundated area. This combination is effective for rapid modeling during extreme rainfall events. Based on the research, the distribution of the highest flood hazard area is in RW 004 Cipinang Melayu, with the widest inundation affecting small and medium-sized houses. The characteristics of the affected area are that there is green and empty land which reduces the potential for water to inundate buildings or other land uses. Buildings located in low-hazard housing areas tend to be more organized and relatively medium to large in size. While the types of housing in the Cipinang Melayu with a high level of danger tend to be dense and small to medium in size, but the majority have two floors as a form of flood adaptation.
Highlights
Flooding is one of the major natural disasters that could create severe catastrophic impacts for population, infrastructure, economy, and environment [1,2,3,4]
Located in 6° 10’ – 6° 22’ LS dan 106° 51’ – 106° 55’ BT with 36,6 km long and the area of 76 km2, the upper stream of Sunter River is located in Tapos, Depok, West Java, and ends in Koja, North Jakarta and run through sub-districts, such as Cipinang Melayu, Pondok Bambu, and Cipinang Muara
curve number (CN) value is obtained based on land use and soil hydrological groups
Summary
Flooding is one of the major natural disasters that could create severe catastrophic impacts for population, infrastructure, economy, and environment [1,2,3,4]. Causes of the floods in Jakarta are mainly because of heavy rainfall, strongly supported by climate change [7]. Climate change plays a role in changing the cycle of hydrology by affecting precipitation, soil moisture, surface runoff, and the recharge rates of groundwater [6]. In developing countries such as Indonesia, hydrological balance is disrupted by other factors such as rapid growth of settlements and urbanization which makes the increasing amount of population in cities [8]. Flooding usually occurs in a relatively high rate of land subsidence areas, and could somehow affect the flooding in both inland and coastal areas [9, 10]. Subsidence within inland areas usually occurs near the 1river, and along with river canal changes and malfunction of the flow system, it will cause riverine flooding aggravation [9]
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