Abstract

Application of the standard parabolic wave equation to solve real problems requires a clever selection of the reference wavenumber k0. An extended parabolic equation, having range refraction capability, is reintroduced in such a manner so as to be totally independent of k0. An already existing Implicit Finite-Difference (IFD) model was applied to test the range refraction parabolic equation. Results compare favorably with known solutions for weakly range-dependent environments, but yield significant corrections for propagation through strong oceanic fronts.

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