Abstract

Objectives: To compare if a video-delivered pain neuroscience education (PNE) session yield comparable results to a live-PNE session delivered to middle school students in terms of pain knowledge and attitudes and beliefs regarding pain. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-one 5th through 8th grade middle school students were randomly assigned to receive a live (n = 147) or video-delivered (n = 104) presentation (30 minutes). Prior to and immediately following the lectures, students completed a knowledge of pain questionnaire (Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire – NPQ) and beliefs regarding pain questionnaire (Health Care Provider’s Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale - HC-PAIRS). Results: Both video (p < 0.001) and live presentations (p < 0.001) yielded significant increases in pain knowledge and both showed large effect sizes (video 0.81 and live 0.82) as well. Pain beliefs questions of “You can control how much pain you feel” and “Your brain decides if you feel pain, not your tissues” both had significant changes (both groups p < 0.001), with moderate effect size for both groups (video .45 and .56; live .51 and 68). Conclusion: A 30-minute video-delivered PNE resulted in similar changes to a live, in-person PNE session. The results from this study may help PNE approaches for middle schools to become standardized, costeffective and scalable. Larger trials with long-term follow-up are needed to determine if video-delivery PNE is effective in altering behavior change.

Highlights

  • Pain affects human beings of all races, socioeconomic backgrounds and ages [1]

  • To compare if a video-delivered pain neuroscience education (PNE) session yield comparable results to a live-PNE session delivered to middle school students in terms of pain knowledge and attitudes and beliefs regarding pain

  • The previous middle school PNE study resulted in rNPQ scores improving from 29.5% to 60.8% (31.3% increase) [3]

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Summary

Introduction

Pain affects human beings of all races, socioeconomic backgrounds and ages [1]. Up to 25% of individuals under the age of 19 have experienced pain in the last three months, with “intense and frequent” pain being reported in 6-8% of all children [1, 2]. Adolescents experiencing acute or post-surgical pain are often exposed to opioids during medical provider visits for trauma (36.5%), dental visits (15.7%), and visits related to procedures (13.2%) [5]. This implies that children are at risk of opioid use disorder and addiction. The need for effective treatment of pediatric pain is self-evident: children in pain can become adults in pain, risking a staggering emotional, economic and societal burden [3, 8, 9] These adolescent and child statistics pertaining to pain and opioid exposure/use are part of the current pain and opioid epidemic in the United States (US) and globally [10]

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