A randomized, prospective, controlled study of forearm donor site healing when using a vacuum dressing

Abstract

Objective 1) Compare skin graft healing of the radial forearm free flap (RFFF) donor site when using a negative pressure dressing (NPD) versus a static pressure dressing (SPD). 2) Examine the association of graft size and medical comorbidities with healing of RFFF donor site. Study Design Randomized, controlled trial. Setting Tertiary care hospital. Subjects and Methods After the study was approved, consenting adults undergoing RFFF for head and neck reconstructions were randomized into two arms: SPD and NPD groups. Fifty-four patients were enrolled from March 2007 to August 2009. Pre- and postoperative data were collected, including medical comorbidities, graft size, and area of graft failure/tendon exposure. Data were collected at two postoperative time points. Results The overall wound complication rate was 38 percent (19/50). Wound complications at the first postoperative visit (44.4% [12/27] SPD and 30.4% [7/23] NPD) were not significantly different between groups ( P = 0.816). Similarly, wound complications at the second visit (68.8% [11/16] SPD and 80% [12/15] NPD) were not significantly different ( P = 0.55). Percentage of area of graft failure between the groups also showed no difference (4.5% SPD vs 7.2% NPD, P = 0.361). The association of graft size with wound complications was analyzed by dividing the data set into three groups (<50 cm 2, 51-100 cm 2, and >100 cm 2). This difference was not found to be significant ( P = 0.428). Finally, when evaluating comorbidities, 50 percent (8/16) of subjects with comorbidities experienced complications compared with 32.4 percent (11/34) without comorbidities, also not reaching significance ( P = 0.203). Conclusions Although an attractive option for wound care, the NPD does not appear to offer a significant improvement over an SPD in healing of the RFFF donor site.