A Randomized Phase II Trial of Flutamide <italic>vs</italic> Chlormadinone Acetate in Previously Untreated Advanced Prostatic Cancer

Abstract

We have conducted a double-blind comparative study of flutamide and chlormadinone acetate (CMA) on patients with stage C or D prostatic cancer and with no prior experience of hormone therapy. This is believed to be the first such trial entered in the medical literature, fifty-four patients were randomly selected to undergo flutamide (p.o.) monotherapy at a daily dose of 375 mg, which was determined as the optimal dose in Japan in our previous phase II study. Forty-nine others were randomly selected to undergo CMA (p.o.) monotherapy at a daily dose of 100 mg, which is the most commonly used dosage in Japan for patients with prostatic cancer. Ultimately, 47 patients from the flutamide group and 40 patients from the CMA group were judged eligible, with efficacy being evaluated after 12 weeks of treatment. Similar objective responses were seen in both groups: 48.9% (95% confidence limits 34.1-63.9%) in the flutamide group, 45% (95% confidence limits 29.3-61.5%) in the CMA group. The response at each organ site was also similar between the groups. Serum prostatic specific antigen decreased by more than 50% of the abnormal pretreatment level in 87.5% of the flutamide group and in 85.7% of the CMA group. Serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone decreased significantly in the CMA group, but increased significantly in the flutamide group. The serum testosterone level after 12 weeks of treatment was 0.955 +/- 0.13 ng/ml in the CMA group and 6.64 +/- 0.38 ng/ml in the flutamide group. The serum estradiol level also increased significantly in patients in the flutamide group. The serum prolactin level decreased significantly in the flutamide group, but increased significantly in the CMA group. Eight patients on flutamide manifested gynecomastia. Diarrhea and hepatic toxicity were observed in both groups, but only rarely, and were well tolerated. We have thus concluded that flutamide is as effective as CMA in maintaining libido and potency without decreasing testosterone levels.