Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious disorder incurring high costs due to hospitalization. International treatments vary, with prolonged hospitalizations in Europe and shorter hospitalizations in the USA. Uncontrolled studies suggest that longer initial hospitalizations that normalize weight produce better outcomes and fewer admissions than shorter hospitalizations with lower discharge weights. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of hospitalization for weight restoration (WR) to medical stabilization (MS) in adolescent AN. We performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 82 adolescents, aged 12-18 years, with a DSM-IV diagnosis of AN and medical instability, admitted to two pediatric units in Australia. Participants were randomized to shorter hospitalization for MS or longer hospitalization for WR to 90% expected body weight (EBW) for gender, age and height, both followed by 20 sessions of out-patient, manualized family-based treatment (FBT). The primary outcome was the number of hospital days, following initial admission, at the 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were the total number of hospital days used up to 12 months and full remission, defined as healthy weight (>95% EBW) and a global Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) score within 1 standard deviation (s.d.) of published means. There was no significant difference between groups in hospital days following initial admission. There were significantly more total hospital days used and post-protocol FBT sessions in the WR group. There were no moderators of primary outcome but participants with higher eating psychopathology and compulsive features reported better clinical outcomes in the MS group. Outcomes are similar with hospitalizations for MS or WR when combined with FBT. Cost savings would result from combining shorter hospitalization with FBT.
Highlights
Anorexia nervosa (AN) has a lifetime prevalence of 0.9–2.3% with its onset primarily in adolescence (Lewinsohn et al 2000; Wade et al 2006; KeskiRahkonen et al 2007; Preti et al 2009)
There was no significant difference between groups in hospital days following initial admission
Outcomes are similar with hospitalizations for medical stabilization (MS) or weight restoration (WR) when combined with family-based treatment (FBT)
Summary
Anorexia nervosa (AN) has a lifetime prevalence of 0.9–2.3% with its onset primarily in adolescence (Lewinsohn et al 2000; Wade et al 2006; KeskiRahkonen et al 2007; Preti et al 2009). Treatment costs are among the highest of all psychiatric disorders due to the extensive use of hospitalization (Striegel-Moore et al 2000; Agras, 2001; Crow & Nyman, 2004). Hospitalization for the management of acute medical instability (e.g. hypothermia, hypotension, bradycardia, electrolyte abnormalities and cardiac arrhythmias) may be essential in preventing morbidity and mortality (Golden et al 2003; Katzman, 2005), the benefits of further hospitalization for weight normalization are unclear. Results from uncontrolled studies in adolescents are. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious disorder incurring high costs due to hospitalization. Uncontrolled studies suggest that longer initial hospitalizations that normalize weight produce better outcomes and fewer admissions than shorter hospitalizations with lower discharge weights. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of hospitalization for weight restoration (WR) to medical stabilization (MS) in adolescent AN
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