Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes is the most prevalent disease resulted from metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of training based on health belief model (HBM) on oral hygiene-related behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsThis study was conducted as an educational randomized controlled trial (single blind) on 120 patients with type 2 diabetes referring to a diabetes clinic selected through systematic sampling, who were assigned to two groups of control (N = 60) and intervention (N = 60). The data collection tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire based on HBM which was completed by both groups before the intervention. Then, the intervention group received 4 sessions of educational program based on HBM in 1 month, and the same questionnaire was completed again after 3 months and the data were analyzed through SPSS version 20 software with inferential statistics, t-test, paired t-tests, Chi square, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test analysis.ResultsThree months after the intervention, awareness of the patients and perceived susceptibility, benefits, self-efficacy, internal cue to action, and performance in oral and dental hygiene-related behaviors had a significant increase in the intervention group (p < 0.05). So that the performance of oral and dental hygiene in the intervention group increased from 2.16 ± 0.71 to 3.25 ± 0.49 (p = 0.001) after the education.ConclusionOur results suggest that training patients with diabetes based on HBM as well as through active follow-up can enhance their skills in oral and dental hygiene-related behaviors. Controlling, monitoring and follow-up during the program are also recommended.Trial registrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT 2017050733847N1. Prospectively registered 14 June 2017, http://en.irct.ir/trial/26011
Highlights
Diabetes is the most prevalent disease resulted from metabolic disorders
The average age of the diabetic patients in the control and intervention groups was 53.26 ± 4.46 and 53.48 ± 4.38 years, respectively, which showed no significant difference based on the results of the independent t-test (p = 0.675)
The results showed that there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of Health Belief Model constructs before the intervention
Summary
Diabetes is the most prevalent disease resulted from metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of training based on health belief model (HBM) on oral hygiene-related behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes have oral complications such as increased dry mouth and burning mouth. Alterations in collagen metabolism and periodontal fiber changes, cause periodontal disease, which is due to the presence of microbial plaques and poor hygiene in most diabetics [2,3,4]. Diabetes mellitus affects virtually all tissues and organs of the body including the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity, manifesting with several complications [6]
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