A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of an acceptance and commitment therapy–based bibliotherapy intervention among adults living with chronic pain

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Chronic pain has a significant impact on the physical and psychological functioning of those living with this condition. It is now recognized that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is an effective intervention in managing chronic pain; however, several barriers limit its accessibility. Aims The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week bibliotherapy-type self-administered psychological intervention with minimal therapeutic contact, based on ACT, in the management of chronic pain. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial with three measurement periods (pretest, posttest, and 3 months after the intervention; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03924687). A total of 140 adults with chronic pain were randomly assigned to an ACT self-help condition or a wait-list control condition. Results Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) models showed statistically significant differences between pretest and posttest in terms of pain-related disability (main variable), depression (secondary variable), pain-related acceptance, and psychological inflexibility (d = 0.46–0.88) in favor of the ACT self-help condition. At the 3-month follow-up, these differences were maintained and nearly 54% of participants reported an overall improvement of their physical and mental health. Conclusion These results suggest that a psychological intervention self-administered through ACT bibliotherapy with minimal therapeutic support can improve the physical and emotional functioning of adults from the community who live with chronic pain.