Abstract
A randomized controlled clinical trial of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback for adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Highlights
Right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) is one of the most consistently underactivated brain regions in ADHD children during cognitive control tasks (Norman et al, 2015, Hart et al, 2012)
Right inferior frontal cortex is one of the most consistently underactivated brain regions in ADHD children during cognitive control tasks (Norman et al, 2015, Hart et al, 2012). We found this region to be a disorder-specific neurofunctional biomarker of ADHD relative to other childhood disorders (Rubia, 2011, Norman et al, 2016). rIFC is the brain region that is most consistently upregulated with psychostimulant medication, which is the benchmark treatment for ADHD as it is effective in 70% of patients (Rubia et al, 2014)
We hypothesised that rtfMRI-NF would improve clinical symptoms of ADHD, cognitive control functions that are mediated by rIFC and the activation of rIFC during a motor inhibition stop task that is typically underactivated
Summary
Introduction: Right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) is one of the most consistently underactivated brain regions in ADHD children during cognitive control tasks (Norman et al, 2015, Hart et al, 2012). RIFC is the brain region that is most consistently upregulated with psychostimulant medication, which is the benchmark treatment for ADHD as it is effective in 70% of patients (Rubia et al, 2014). We wanted to teach ADHD adolescents to self-upregulate this brain region which is consistently underactivated and most consistently upregulated with stimulant medication using real-time Neurofeedback with functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI-NF).
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