Abstract
This paper presents a fully differential chopper-stabilized programmable gain amplifier (PGA) for shunt-based measurement of DC and AC currents in high-power applications. A consistently high gain over a comparatively wide bandwidth (DC to 50 kHz) is achieved by using a staggered series connection of amplifier stages, each with fixed gain settings at a comparatively low level. For offsets and 1/f-noise cancellation, the chopper technique is used. Due to the optionally adjustable very high overall gain of the amplifier chain and a certain start-up time until the local chopper stabilization takes effect, a novel rampup technique is presented here. The circuit is fabricated in a 0.18 μm standard CMOS technology with a chip size of 0.16 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Measurements show that the PGA has a variable gain range of 0 to 69.56 dB from DC to 50 kHz. The root-mean-square input noise at maximum gain does not exceed 810 nV at a total bandwidth of 10 kHz. The DC offset is less than 12μV for 12 Die-to-Die samples. The PGA dissipates 20mW from a 5-V supply.
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