Abstract
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), transmission errors occur frequently due to node failure, battery discharge, contention or interference by objects. Although Directed Diffusion has been considered as a prominent data-centric routing algorithm, it has some weaknesses due to unexpected network errors. In order to address these problems, we proposed a radio-aware routing algorithm to improve the reliability of Directed Diffusion in lossy WSNs. The proposed algorithm is aware of the network status based on the radio information from MAC and PHY layers using a cross-layer design. The cross-layer design can be used to get detailed information about current status of wireless network such as a link quality or transmission errors of communication links. The radio information indicating variant network conditions and link quality was used to determine an alternative route that provides reliable data transmission under lossy WSNs. According to the simulation result, the radio-aware reliable routing algorithm showed better performance in both grid and random topologies with various error rates. The proposed solution suggested the possibility of providing a reliable transmission method for QoS requests in lossy WSNs based on the radio-awareness. The energy and mobility issues will be addressed in the future work.
Highlights
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are an emerging technology that has gained great interest from researchers due to the widespread availability of cheap and tiny sensors
In the view of limited energy and computing resources, routing protocols for WSNs should be differently designed compared to routing protocols for other wireless networks (i.e., MANETs) which mainly focus on data transmission speed or network throughput [3,4]
We proposed a Radio-Aware (RA) routing algorithm which can improve the reliability of Directed Diffusion (DD) in lossy WSNs
Summary
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are an emerging technology that has gained great interest from researchers due to the widespread availability of cheap and tiny sensors. The routing algorithm should be resistant to network errors without additional processing and can decide a routing path by capturing the current status of the WSNs. Recently, a concept of cross-layer design has emerged to utilize radio information which reflects the current status of the wireless network. The radio information is considered as an important design factor to provide reliable data transmission services with WSNs [15,16]. We proposed a Radio-Aware (RA) routing algorithm which can improve the reliability of DD in lossy WSNs. The proposed algorithm can provide an optimum route to react to lossy WSNs based on the radio information which reflects the current network status by using a cross-layer design.
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