Abstract
Background: In steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces, prolonged repeated flicker stimulation would reduce the system performance. To reduce the visual discomfort and fatigue, while ensuring recognition accuracy, and information transmission rate (ITR), a novel motion paradigm based on the steady-state motion visual evoked potentials (SSMVEPs) is proposed.Methods: The novel SSMVEP paradigm of the radial zoom motion was realized using the sinusoidal form to modulate the size of the stimuli. The radial zoom motion-based SSMVEP paradigm was compared with the flicker-based SSVEP paradigm and the SSMVEP paradigm based on Newton's ring motion. The canonical correlation analysis was used to identify the frequency of the eight targets, the recognition accuracy of different paradigms with different stimulation frequencies, and the ITR under different stimulation durations were calculated. The subjective comfort scores and fatigue scores, and decrease in the accuracy due to fatigue was evaluated.Results: The average recognition accuracy of the novel radial zoom motion-based SSMVEP paradigm was 93.4%, and its ITR reached 42.5 bit/min, which was greater than the average recognition accuracy of the SSMVEP paradigm based on Newton's ring motion. The comfort score of the novel paradigm was greater than both the flicker-based SSVEP paradigm and SSMVEP paradigm based on Newton's ring motion. The decrease in the recognition accuracy due to fatigue was less than that of the SSSMVEP paradigm based on Newton's ring motion.Conclusion: The SSMVEP paradigm based on radial zoom motion has high recognition accuracy and ITR with low visual discomfort and fatigue scores. The method has potential advantages in overcoming the performance decline caused by fatigue.
Highlights
The brain-computer interface (BCI) allows for direct communication between the brain and external devices
Compared with the flicker-based state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) paradigm (Xie et al, 2016), the results showed that the steady-state motion visual evoked potentials (SSMVEPs)-BCI has a lower accuracy than that of the SSVEP-BCI system, the amplitude decrease due to fatigue is more significant in SSVEP compared with SSMVEP
The frequency domain for the SSVEPs or SSMVEPs induced by the six paradigms was analyzed
Summary
The brain-computer interface (BCI) allows for direct communication between the brain and external devices. Visual stimuli can induce electrical responses in the occipital cortex, called visual evoked potentials (VEPs). A single visual stimulus can induce a transient visual evoked potential (TVEP), while repeated visual stimuli (RVS) at a certain frequency can be used to induce a steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) (Zhu et al, 2010). The RVS in the SSVEP paradigm is designed using color alternation or graphic flicker at a certain frequency (Celesia et al, 1996). In steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces, prolonged repeated flicker stimulation would reduce the system performance. To reduce the visual discomfort and fatigue, while ensuring recognition accuracy, and information transmission rate (ITR), a novel motion paradigm based on the steady-state motion visual evoked potentials (SSMVEPs) is proposed
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