Abstract
Many studies demonstrated the coexistence of subaqueous permafrost and gas hydrate. Subaqueous permafrost could be a factor affecting the formation/dissociation of gas hydrate. Here, we propose a simple empirical approach that allows estimating the steady-state conditions for gas hydrate stability in the presence of subaqueous permafrost. This approach was derived for pressure, temperature, and salinity conditions typical of subaqueous permafrost in marine (brine) and lacustrine (freshwater) environments.
Highlights
Gas hydrate is a naturally occurring “ice-like” material of water molecules containing gas that forms at high pressure and low temperature, and it is present worldwide in permafrost regions (e.g., References [1,2]) and in marine sediments of outer continental margins [3,4,5], as well as beneath ice sheets [6,7]
Ocean warming-induced hydrate dissociation may be occurring in permafrost regions and in shallow marine sediments in polar continental margins (e.g., References [5,14,15]), as well as in ice sheets that stored methane in hydrate form during the last glaciation [6,7]
As reported by several authors, gas hydrate can exist below permafrost, and within it (Reference [19] and references therein), due to the temperature and pressure conditions favorable to its stability sustained by the presence of permafrost (e.g., References [20,21])
Summary
Gas hydrate is a naturally occurring “ice-like” material of water molecules containing gas that forms at high pressure and low temperature, and it is present worldwide in permafrost regions (e.g., References [1,2]) and in marine sediments of outer continental margins [3,4,5], as well as beneath ice sheets [6,7]. Ocean warming-induced hydrate dissociation may be occurring in permafrost regions and in shallow marine sediments in polar continental margins (e.g., References [5,14,15]), as well as in ice sheets that stored methane in hydrate form during the last glaciation [6,7]. As reported by several authors, gas hydrate can exist below permafrost, and within it (Reference [19] and references therein), due to the temperature and pressure conditions favorable to its stability sustained by the presence of permafrost (e.g., References [20,21])
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