Abstract
The fifth-generation networks User Plane Function (UPF) provides necessary procedures to connect end-devices and data networks. A Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session between specific user equipment (UE) and the UPF is established before data transmission in 5G networks. The UPF software can be packed into either a virtual machine (VM) or a container image and instantiated in service providers' cloud infrastructure. Each UPF instance may handle several concurrent PDU sessions from various users. Operators should control the number of UPF instances to save resource consumption in the provision of Quality of Service (QoS). This paper presents a queueing model for a scenario where a threshold-based algorithm controls the number of UPF instances depending on users' traffic. We derive a method to compute the steady-state probabilities and performance measures efficiently. We investigate the performance of the UPF scaling algorithm in various scenarios with the assumption of specific hardware. Numerical results show that scaling UPF instances can lead to the good utilization of the system resource.
Highlights
The fifth-generation networks are expected to provide the service for customers with different requirements from vertical industries [1]–[5]. 5G core consists of multiple Service Based Architecture (SBA) elements [1], [3]
Motivated by the need for an efficient method for evaluating threshold-based scaling solutions, we deal with a queueing model for a threshold-based algorithm that can control the number of User Plane Function (UPF) instances according to the need for Protocol Data Unit (PDU) sessions
We have proposed a queueing model for a threshold-based algorithm that controls the number of User Plane Function instances in 5G systems
Summary
The fifth-generation networks are expected to provide the service for customers with different requirements from vertical industries [1]–[5]. 5G core consists of multiple Service Based Architecture (SBA) elements [1], [3]. Operators may apply threshold-based scaling algorithms for managing UPF instances. Motivated by the need for an efficient method for evaluating threshold-based scaling solutions, we deal with a queueing model for a threshold-based algorithm that can control the number of UPF instances according to the need for PDU sessions. The main contributions of this paper are the proposal of a queueing model for a threshold-based algorithm that manages the number of UPF instances depending on users’ traffic and the efficient computational method of low complexity for the steady-state probabilities and performance measures. V. Do: Queueing Model for Threshold-Based Scaling of UPF Instances in 5G Core space.
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