A quantum threshold signature protocol based on mutual unbiased basis

Abstract

For the existing quantum threshold signature protocols based on entangled state, it is difficult to prepare quantum resources. Meanwhile, for the quantum threshold signature protocols based on single-particle sequence, it has disadvantages of high computation and communication consumptions. To remedy these shortcomings, in this paper, we proposed a quantum threshold signature protocol based on mutual unbiased basis (MUB). In initialization stage, the message owner Alice prepares a quantum sequence [Formula: see text] with length of [Formula: see text], each single particle in [Formula: see text] is chosen from MUBs. The signature key is generated by Alice using threshold secret-sharing distribution algorithm, the verification key is generated by [Formula: see text] signers via threshold secret-sharing recovery algorithm. In signature generation phase, the signers execute the signature algorithm sequentially until the last signer and then obtain the final signature, next send it to verifier. In signature verification phase, the verifier Ver verifies the original message and the final signature using the verification key. Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol can resist interception-forgery attack, collusion attack and denial attack. Performance analysis shows that the proposed protocol is easier to prepare quantum resources than similar protocols, and has lower communication consumption, especially when the number of signers [Formula: see text] and increase gradually. Finally, the correctness of the proposed protocol is verified by simulation experiment on quantum cloud platform.