Abstract

The statement jc is cause of is usually taken to mean one of two things either, in common-sense contexts, that occurrence of x is a jointly-sufficient condition x for occurrence of y, where x and y are distinct events (e.g. throwing of a stone and breaking of a window), or, in scientific contexts, that x and y both belong to a causal line 2 and x is antecedent to y, where x and y are states of some system undergoing continuous variation (e.g. position of moon yesterday and its position today). There is, it is true, something odd about saying the moon's being where it was yesterday is cause of its being where it is today, but this way of putting it is generally avoided by saying instead that moon obeys a causal law. Discussions of philosophy of physics tend to take latter meaning as paradigmatic; after all, form of expression of most physical laws is

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