Abstract
Muscle inflammation is an important component of disease pathophysiology in several muscular dystrophies. Hyperintensities on MRI sequences with short TI inversion recovery (STIR) reflect edema, or inflammation (STIR+). Conventionally, STIR evaluation has been done by visual inspection. In this study, we developed a quantitative STIR method, and tested its ability to identify STIR+ lesions in healthy controls and patients with Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and compared the results with visual STIR evaluation and quantitative T2 relaxation time mapping. The method was based on pixel-by-pixel histograms of the distribution of signal intensities from muscles. Signal intensities from healthy control muscles were averaged and used to define an upper reference limit. Muscles with >2.5% pixels above the limit were defined as being STIR+. The new method showed agreement with T2 relaxation time mapping in 95% of muscles. The visual STIR method only showed agreement with the quantitative STIR method and T2 relaxation time mapping in 88 and 84%, respectively. STIR sequences are available on most MR scanners and the post-processing used in the new quantitative method can be performed using free software. We therefore believe that the new method can play an important role in identifying STIR+ lesions in patients with neuromuscular diseases.
Highlights
Muscle inflammation is likely an important component of disease pathophysiology, not just in primary inflammatory myopathies, and in several muscular dystrophies[1]
We have developed a quantitative way of assessing short TI inversion recovery (STIR), and have tested this new method’s ability to identify STIR+ lesions in healthy controls and patients with Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and compared the results with conventional visual STIR evaluation and quantitative T2 relaxation time mapping of muscles
We evaluated if quantitative STIR could identify STIR+ lesions in skeletal muscle in healthy controls and patients with FSHD
Summary
Muscle inflammation is likely an important component of disease pathophysiology, not just in primary inflammatory myopathies, and in several muscular dystrophies[1]. T2 relaxation time mapping is a quantitative MRI method that indicates muscle edema, or inflammation, comparable to hyperintensities on STIR images[1]. We have developed a quantitative way of assessing STIR, and have tested this new method’s ability to identify STIR+ lesions in healthy controls and patients with Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and compared the results with conventional visual STIR evaluation and quantitative T2 relaxation time mapping of muscles.
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