A Quantitative Approach to Characterizing the Changes and Managing Urban Form for Sustaining the Suburb of a Mega-Urban Region: The Case of North Cianjur

Anoraga Jatayu,Ernan Rustiadi,Didit Okta Pribadi

doi:10.3390/su12198085

Anoraga Jatayu, Ernan Rustiadi + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198085

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Abstract

Mega-urban development in Monsoon Asia has a relatively similar pattern, which leads to the formation of Mega-Urban Region (MUR). Such urban development potentially threatens sustainability as it vastly expands to encroaching rural areas. North Cianjur has been experiencing urban expansion from its surrounding metropolitan areas of Jakarta and Bandung that leads to the formation of urban sprawl and many other environmental problems. In this case, spatial characterization based on a quantitative and objective approach is urgently needed to provide better insight into the development of the mega-urban region’s suburb. This study proposed a quantitative and objective approach which was developed based on a quantitative zoning method. This study aims to characterize the region affected by urban expansion and urban form dynamics in North Cianjur using spatial clustering and spatial metrics approaches. The results showed that North Cianjur has four different zones consisting of two urban zones, a peri-urban zone, and a rural zone. Furthermore, the dynamics of urban forms in North Cianjur showed a trend of a more compact form in the urban zones while outside the urban zones it has become more sprawled and dispersed. This implies that spatial planning policies are incapable of containing and managing the massive expansion forces which were coming from Jakarta metropolitan, Bandung metropolitan, as well as Cianjur urban zones itself. Thus, the quantitative zoning method could enhance spatial planning, as different zones of urban–rural typology and urban from in the mega-urban suburb can be defined as a base for developing more specific effort in managing land-use changes. This approach could be adopted by other regions which have similar characteristics.

Highlights

Mega-urban region development in developing countries, especially in Monsoon Asia, has a relatively similar pattern characterized by the expansion of urban land use to their surrounding areas to form the Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMR) [1]
Urban expansion in North Cianjur has transformed this region into a polycentric region, with the emergence of Puncak-Cipanas urban center (Z1) as the new urban zone with mixed land-use characteristics affected by the Jakarta Metropolitan Area urban expansion, and Cianjur urban center (Z2), the main urban center and the capital of the Cianjur regency
Spatial trends in land use patterns and urban form dynamics indicate that urban zones have developed to be more compact and denser with ribbon patterns

Summary

Introduction

Mega-urban region development in developing countries, especially in Monsoon Asia, has a relatively similar pattern characterized by the expansion of urban land use to their surrounding areas to form the Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMR) [1]. The urbanization process is able to create an enormous continuous urban area, which result in various problems of urban infrastructure management, land-use conflicts, and environmental degradation [1]. When it keeps continuing, it will drive the conversion of agricultural land in rural areas due to urban sprawl [7]. An urban sprawl which is characterized by leapfrog and/or dispersed pattern of urban expansion indicates the changes of urban form that lead towards “chaotic land-use” [8] Such type of land-use pattern is inefficient, unsustainable, and hard to manage [8,9]

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