Abstract
The methods for design of retaining structures of hollow slender foundation pits based on classical earth pressure theories such as Rankine’s and Coulomb’s theories have inevitably drawn fierce criticization for their incapable of considering spatial effects of the structures. Researches in understanding the spatial effects of retaining structures are still in initial qualitative analysis stages. In this paper, three spatial effect ratios including displacement ratio, earth pressure ratio and bending moment ratio of a retaining structure were defined for the sake of analyzing the spatial effects of retaining structures of hollow slender foundation pits. Nonlinear finite element analyses and laboratory model tests of retaining structures in sands were conducted. The spatial effect ratios and the relationships of additional earth pressures vs. wall displacements were obtained from the results of the finite element analyses and model tests, and they all shown significantly variation with the process of excavation, and show a strong tendency in their distribution at different positions. These results are distinct from that based on classical earth pressure theories in general rules, and of importance in developing new design methods that make use of the spatial effects in practice.
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