Abstract
Machining chips of commercially pure titanium (ASTM Grade 2) were recycled into fully dense bulk material by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The morphology of the oxide layer derived from chip surfaces was characterized by focused ion beam miller and transmission electron microscopy. Electron backscatter diffraction and chemical analysis were used to propose quantitatively a complex strengthening mechanism considering interstitials, ultrafine grains (with misorientation ≥15 deg), and subgrains (<15 deg) substantially in existence after ECAP.
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