A qualitative study of stress experiences, health behaviors, and intervention preferences in young adult cancer survivors.

Abstract

To inform behavioral intervention development, this study examined experiences and unmet needs related to stress, diet, and physical activity in young adult (YA) cancer survivors. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of YA cancer survivors (n = 12 aged 18-29years; n = 11 aged 30-39years; 57% racial or ethnic minority) between May and July 2022 via Zoom. Data were analyzed using a coding reliability approach to thematic analysis. Stressor-related themes included health and health care, economic stability, social and community context, and balancing responsibilities. Transition to independent adulthood was discussed among younger participants (18-29years). Coping-related themes included letting go, keeping anchored in faith, and distraction. Older participants (30-39years) reported more diverse coping strategies. Routine and consistency and the impact of stress were themes aligning with health behaviors. Control was a cross-cutting theme regarding stressors, coping, and health behaviors. Themes related to intervention preferences included individualized approach, expert-based content, peer support, integrative self-care, and manageability. Younger participants preferred multiple intervention formats (e.g., website, tracking logs). Findings highlighted unmet needs regarding social and environmental stressors in YA cancer survivors and a preference for individualized, expert-based content and peer support in stress management-enhanced behavioral interventions. Such interventions may be tailored for specific age groups to account for differences in stress experiences and intervention preferences.