A Qualitative Study of Breastfeeding and Formula-Feeding Mothers’ Perceptions of and Experiences in WIC

Abstract

ObjectiveTo explore Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participants’ perspectives about why formula-fed infants are less likely to be recertified at 1 year compared with breastfed infants. DesignFour focus groups of WIC mothers, stratified by language spoken (English or Spanish) and feeding mode (breastfeeding [BF] or formula-feeding [FF]). SettingTwo WIC sites within Los Angeles County, CA. ParticipantsMothers of 6- to 12-month-old infants (n = 31) in the WIC program. Phenomenon of InterestMothers’ perceptions of (1) how WIC supports BF and FF mothers; and (2) experiences of FF mothers in WIC, with a focus on how these experiences may affect desire to recertify their infant in WIC at age 1 year. AnalysisThematic analysis of verbatim transcripts. ResultsMothers in all focus groups discussed the perceived positive value of BF support, food assistance, nutrition education, referrals, convenient WIC services, and social support from staff. Themes related to experiences of FF mothers included feeling judged for not BF, perceptions of WIC as a formula provider, and perceived difficulties obtaining formula. Mothers indicated that these experiences affected motivations to recertify. Conclusions and ImplicationsAlthough WIC provides important and effective support to low-income families, especially related to BF, some FF mothers may feel underserved with respect to support for their feeding decisions.