A qualitative comparison case study exploring perceptions of infants’ physical activity, and communication by parents, childcare providers, and healthcare providers

Abstract

IntroductionParents, childcare providers, and healthcare providers all serve important roles in the lives of infants (<1 year of age); however, little is known about the perceptions of these caregivers regarding infant developmental outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore and compare perceptions of two major areas, infant physical activity and communication, across types of caregivers to better understand caregiver beliefs and practices. MethodsThis qualitative study consisted of semi-structured interviews with parents of infants (n = 12), childcare providers (n = 12), and healthcare providers (n = 13) who worked with infants. The interview guide was developed following the Health Belief Model. Data were analyzed using a directed content analysis approach and compared across caregiver type. ResultsPrimary themes for physical activity included value of physical activity, varied knowledge, and confidence to promote infant activity, concern about restrictive devices (primarily from healthcare providers), and desire for more education on infant physical activity. Themes underneath infant communication included concern for lack of joint attention, a major focus on expressive language development, and a need for increased knowledge on infant communication milestones. Overwhelmingly, almost all participants perceived a positive connection between infant physical activity and communication. ConclusionDifferences were found in perceptions of infant physical activity and communication by caregiver type. Specifically, healthcare providers expressed concern regarding the amount of time spent in restrictive devices. Additionally, caregivers focused on verbal communication with little attention to other communication developments. Future efforts are needed to better educate all caregiver types on infant physical activity and communication.