Abstract
We have recently demonstrated, in the context of para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP), the conversion of hyperpolarized proton singlet order into heteronuclear magnetisation can be efficiently achieved via a new sequence named S2hM (Singlet to heteronuclear Magnetisation). In this paper we give a detailed theoretical description, supported by an experimental illustration, of S2hM. Theory and experiments on thermally polarized samples demonstrate the proposed method is robust to frequency offset mismatches and radiofrequency field inhomogeneities. The simple implementation, optimisation and the high conversion efficiency, under various regimes of magnetic equivalence, makes S2hM an excellent candidate for a widespread use, particularly within the PHIP arena.
Highlights
IntroductionNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers a privileged observatory for the local chemical environment of nuclear spin species and has been widely used for the characterization of molecules and their dynamics in the liquid state
In this subsection we describe the S2hM pulse sequence for the conversion of singlet order into heteronuclear magnetisation (S2hM, Fig. 2)
To test the methodology we used a sample of 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (Fig. 6) where the two protons on the thiophene ring make up the I-spins and the natural abundant carbonyl-13 C spin is the S-spin
Summary
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers a privileged observatory for the local chemical environment of nuclear spin species and has been widely used for the characterization of molecules and their dynamics in the liquid state. Within the field of hyperpolarisation, the introduction of para-hydrogen induced polarization [2] (PHIP) allowed for dramatically enhanced proton signals, and introduced the challenge of transferring polarization from hyperpolarized proton singlet order, which is the population imbalance between the singlet and the average triplet manifolds [35], to heteronuclei with a longer T1 This problem quickly attracted attention and emerged as a prolific investigation area [25, 26, 27], and several methods have been developed to perform the task [28, 29, 30, 26].
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