Abstract
Periodontitis is an economically important disease which is highly prevalent worldwide. Current diagnostic approaches are time-consuming and require interpretation of multiple aspects of clinical and radiographic assessment. Chair-side monitoring of inflammatory mediators of periodontitis could provide immediate information about disease activity, which can inform patient management. We aimed to develop a novel prototype biosensor to measure salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) using specific antibodies and surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology. The analytical performance of the prototype biosensor was compared to standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using unstimulated saliva samples obtained from patients with periodontitis before and after non-surgical treatment (N = 58), patients with gingivitis (N = 54) and periodontally healthy volunteers (N = 65). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis for distinguishing periodontitis from health revealed an almost identical performance between the sensor and ELISA assays (area under curve values (AUC): ELISA 0.93; SAW 0.89). Furthermore, both analytical approaches yielded readouts which distinguished between heath, gingivitis and periodontitis, correlated identically with clinical measures of periodontal disease and recorded similar post-treatment decreases in salivary MMP-8 in periodontitis. The assay time for our prototype device is 20 minutes. The prototype SAW biosensor is a novel and rapid method of monitoring periodontitis which delivers similar analytical performance to conventional laboratory assays.
Highlights
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of the teeth, leading to tooth mobility and early tooth loss, that has significant impacts on oral function and quality of life
To assess the reproducibility of the SAW biosensor assay, 3 saliva samples with range of different MMP-8 levels were analysed by the biosensor in quadruplicate in one assay on the same biochip and one saliva sample tested in quadruplicate on 3 consecutive days on separate biochips; these experiments provided both intra- and inter-assay variation of 13.2% which is slightly higher than similar data for the Quantikine ELISAs (8% for both inter- and intra-assay)[30]
Biochips were used in the following protocol: incubation with 20 μl TBS-T for 1 minute, 20 μl of sample containing MMP-8 was added for 5 minutes followed by 5 x TBS-T for 2 minutes, secondary anti-MMP8 antibody for 5 minutes followed by a 1 minute wash with 5 x TBS-T
Summary
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of the teeth, leading to tooth mobility and early tooth loss, that has significant impacts on oral function and quality of life. Current practices for the management of periodontitis are based on interpretation of clinical and radiographic observations rather than objective analysis of the biological factors underlying the disease pathogenesis[2,3]. These procedures are time consuming, require skilled clinicians and are expensive. There is a requirement for diagnostic approaches above and beyond traditional approaches based on understanding of the underlying pathogenesis[7] Such ‘evidence-based knowledge’ is considered critical in preventing clinical mismanagement through the application of inappropriate treatment and failure to correctly characterise active disease[8]. MMP-8 levels reflect progression of periodontitis and successful treatment and, as such, MMP-8 assays may have positive predictive value for periodontal disease progression[14,15,16,17]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
