A protocol to communicate seismic risk in schools: design, test and assessment in Italy

Massimo Crescimbene Massimo Crescimbene,Lorenzo Cugliari Lorenzo Cugliari,Elena Eva Elena Eva,Gemma Musacchio Gemma Musacchio,Nicola Alessandro Pino Nicola Alessandro Pino

doi:10.4401/ag-8533

Abstract

The best chance to achieve a future disaster-resilient society is through risk education in School: it has a great potential to strengthen capacity of communities to mitigate risks. The KnowRISK (Know your city, Reduce seISmic risK through non-structural elements) project took this opportunity and implemented a risk communication campaign for schools in Portugal, Italy, and Iceland. The idea was that suitably changes in people’s knowledge and attitude can trigger best practices. Crucial to reach such target is the raise of awareness on meaningful issues. The main challenge of the campaign was how to effectively address the mitigation of the vulnerability to earthquakes of non-structural elements, which is an issue considered to be of low priority even in the building regulations of many countries around the world. The campaign stood on a communication strategy that was systematized within a protocol, for 13- 15 years old students, that specifies goals, contents, learning strategy, support material, and relies on face-to-face intervention of scientists in the classroom. This protocol had training sessions bounded by assessment sessions, ex-ante and ex-post, that allowed to validate its efficacy. The training made large use of flipped learning and Episode of Situated Learning (EAS) strategy to raise student’s motivation and increase achievements. To ensure its replicability, the protocol was tested in zones matching a wide range of seismic hazard in Italy. The assessment showed the protocol be effective and ready for a wide dissemination.

Highlights

Nowadays, the achievement of disaster-resilient societies is an imperative issue that cannot be addressed by increasing scientific knowledge and technological provisions
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, adopted at the Third UN World Conference held in 2015 in, Sendai, Japan, provides guiding principles for the Nations to implement action oriented to disaster risk reduction, as outcome of stakeholder’s consultations and inter-governmental negotiations
Low risk awareness is among the main causes of an insufficient level of prevention and preparedness, and of an inadequate response to disasters [Grothmann and Reusswig, 2006; Miceli et al, 2008; Terpstra et al, 2009; Maidl and Buchecker, 2015]

Summary

Introduction

The achievement of disaster-resilient societies is an imperative issue that cannot be addressed by increasing scientific knowledge and technological provisions. It is necessary to efficiently transfer strategic knowledge to citizens, raise awareness, change the way risk are perceived and stimulate a preventive attitude. To this aim, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (https://www.undrr.org/publication/sendai-framework-disaster-risk-reduction-2015-2030), adopted at the Third UN World Conference held in 2015 in, Sendai, Japan, provides guiding principles for the Nations to implement action oriented to disaster risk reduction, as outcome of stakeholder’s consultations and inter-governmental negotiations. By bridging the gap between science and society, risk communication can raise awareness on meaningful issues, change perception, mitigate fatalist attitudes and has the potential to reduce the impact of the so-called natural disasters, which have natural triggering causes, but are socially constructed events [Castro et al, 2017]

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