A Protocol for the Isolation, Culture, and Cryopreservation of Umbilical Cord-Derived Canine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Role of Cell Attachment in Long-Term Maintenance.

Abstract

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to create a variable localized anti-inflammatory effect in injuries such as Crohn's disease and osteoarthritis or by incorporation in tissue engineered constructs. Currently, the MSC literature uses rodents for preclinical disease models. There is growing interest in using naturally occurring disease in large animals for modeling human disease. By review of the canine MSCs literature, it appears that canine MSCs can be difficult to maintain in culture for extended passages and this greatly varies between tissue sources, compared with human and rodent MSCs, and limited lifespan is an obstacle for preclinical investigation and therapeutic use. Research using canine MSCs has been focused on cells derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue, and the differences in manufacturing MSCs between laboratories are problematic due to lack of standardization. To address these issues, here, a stepwise process was used to optimize canine MSCs isolation, expansion, and cryopreservation utilizing canine umbilical cord-derived MSCs. The culture protocol utilizes coating of tissue culture surfaces that increases cellular adherence, increases colony-forming units-fibroblast efficiency, and decreases population doubling times. Canine MSCs isolated with our protocol could be maintained longer than published canine MSCs methods before senescing. Our improved cryopreservation protocols produce on average >90% viable MSCs at thaw. These methods enable master-bank and working-bank scenarios for allogeneic MSC testing in naturally occurring disease in dogs.