Abstract
Background: It is crucial to understand the benefits to human health from decarbonisation to galvanise action among decision makers. Most of our existing evidence comes from modelling studies and little is known about the extent to which the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation actions are realised upon implementation. We aim to analyse evidence from mitigation actions that have been implemented across a range of sectors and scales, to identify those that can improve and sustain health, while accelerating progress towards a zero-carbon economy. Objectives: To understand the implementation process of actions and the role of key actors; explain the contextual elements influencing these actions; summarise what effects, both positive and negative, planned and unplanned they may have on emissions of greenhouse gases and health; and to summarise environmental, social, or economic co-benefits. Data: We will review evidence collected through partnership with existing data holders and an open call for evidence. We will also conduct a hand search of reference lists from systematic reviews and websites of organisations relevant to climate change mitigation. Screening: Screening will be done by two reviewers according to a pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Analysis: We will identify gaps where implementation or evaluation of implementation of mitigation actions is lacking. We will synthesise the findings to describe how actions were implemented and how they achieved results in different contexts, identifying potential barriers and facilitators to their design, implementation, and uptake. We will also synthesise their effect on health outcomes and other co-benefits. Quantitative synthesis will depend on the heterogeneity of outcomes and metrics. Conclusions: Findings will be used to identify lessons that can be learned from successful and unsuccessful mitigation actions, to make inferences on replicability, scalability, and transferability and will contribute to the development of frameworks that can be used by policy makers.
Highlights
It is of great importance to identify and communicate scientific evidence that could support national and sub-national policy makers to take actions towards a post-carbon society, in which there is net zero emissions of carbon dioxide and short-lived climate pollutants
Findings will be used to identify lessons that can be learned from successful and unsuccessful mitigation actions, to make inferences on replicability, scalability, and transferability and will contribute to the development of frameworks that can be used by policy makers
This study will fill a number of knowledge gaps that are impeding progress – namely which climate change mitigation actions will have the largest benefits for health in particular contexts, what additional environmental, social, or economic benefits such actions might have, and which actions should be employed for effective scale-up in particular contexts
Summary
1. Byomkesh Talukder , Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research (DIGHR), York University, Toronto, Canada Planetary Health Fellow, Toronto, Canada. Rodriguez-Llanes , European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy. Any reports and responses or comments on the article can be found at the end of the article. Conclusions: Findings will be used to identify lessons that can be learned from successful and unsuccessful mitigation actions, to make inferences on replicability, scalability, and transferability and will contribute to the development of frameworks that can be used by policy makers. Keywords Mitigation, implementation, pathways, context, in practice, evaluation, effectiveness
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