A Proteomic Perspective on the Bacterial Adaptation to Cold: Integrating OMICs Data of the Psychrotrophic Bacterium Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7.

Rafael Baraúna,Juliana Pinheiro,Adriana Folador,Artur Silva,Dhara Freitas

doi:10.3390/proteomes5010009

Rafael Baraúna, Juliana Pinheiro + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes5010009

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Journal: Proteomes	Publication Date: Feb 23, 2017
Citations: 31	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Universidade Federal do Pará

Abstract

Since the publication of one of the first studies using 2D gel electrophoresis by Patrick H. O’Farrell in 1975, several other studies have used that method to evaluate cellular responses to different physicochemical variations. In environmental microbiology, bacterial adaptation to cold environments is a “hot topic” because of its application in biotechnological processes. As in other fields, gel-based and gel-free proteomic methods have been used to determine the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to cold of several psychrotrophic and psychrophilic bacterial species. In this review, we aim to describe and discuss these main molecular mechanisms of cold adaptation, referencing proteomic studies that have made significant contributions to our current knowledge in the area. Furthermore, we use Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7 as a model organism to present the importance of integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data. This species has been isolated in Antarctica and previously studied at all three omic levels. The integration of these data permitted more robust conclusions about the mechanisms of bacterial adaptation to cold.

Highlights

One of the first omic studies performed and published was the 2D gel electrophoresis (2DE) of Escherichia coli cultures by Patrick H
The development of two ion sources for mass spectrometry—matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI)—allowed the identification of proteins extracted from 2DE spots [2,3]
The genus Exiguobacterium comprises species that have been isolated from several habitats with a wide temperature range including glacial ice, hot springs, the rhizosphere of plants, Siberian permafrost, and tropical and temperate soils [6]

Summary

Introduction

One of the first omic studies performed and published was the 2D gel electrophoresis (2DE) of Escherichia coli cultures by Patrick H. PH, prolonged periods in the absence of light during the winter, and high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation To cope with those environmental stresses and to survive and grow in low-temperature environments, those microorganisms exhibit several mechanisms of physiological adaptation, which are not ubiquitous in other bacteria. The genus Exiguobacterium comprises species that have been isolated from several habitats with a wide temperature range (from −12 ◦ C to 55 ◦ C) including glacial ice, hot springs, the rhizosphere of plants, Siberian permafrost, and tropical and temperate soils [6] This genus harbors psychrotrophic, mesophilic, and moderate thermophilic species and strains with biotechnological, industrial, bioremediation, and agricultural properties of interest [7]. We use Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7 as a model organism to present the importance of integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data to allow more robust conclusions about the mechanisms of bacterial adaptation to cold

Chemical Modification of the Cellular Membrane

Cold-Adapted Enzymes

Cold Shock and Cold Acclimation Proteins

Other markedly

Flowchart

Conclusions and Future Perspectives