A prospective trial of short-course radiotherapy plus chemotherapy for palliation of dysphagia from advanced esophageal cancer

Abstract

Purpose: Between 1994 and 1997, 22 patients with dysphagia from advanced incurable esophageal cancer were enrolled in a phase I/II prospective study to assess the palliative benefit and toxicity of a short course of radiotherapy with chemotherapy. Methods: The study population included 17 men and five women with a median age of 69 (range 43–84). Patients were treated with 30 Gy in ten fractions to the mediastinum with a concurrent single course of chemotherapy (5-FU, 1000 mg/m 2, days 1–4 and mitomycin-C 10 mg/m 2, day 1). Swallowing ability was recorded each day on a self-administered diary card using the five point dysphagia index of the MRC (UK). The median baseline MRC swallowing score was 4 (cannot swallow solids). Results: Treatment was generally well tolerated, but seven (32%) patients had transient worsening of dysphagia scores immediately following treatment because of esophagitis; fifteen (68%) achieved a complete response (score 1: no difficulty on swallowing) with a median time to normalization of swallowing of 5 weeks. For these patients, the median dysphagia-free interval from time of onset of improvement was 11 weeks (range 1–131 weeks) and 11 (73%) remained dysphagia-free until death.. The remaining patients had no or marginal improvement. Univariate analysis showed no difference between responders and non-responders with respect to age, gender, or histology. Median survival for the entire study population was 20 weeks (range 3–135 weeks). Conclusions: This prospective trial shows that a short course of radiotherapy plus chemotherapy may produce complete relief of swallowing difficulties in a substantial proportion of patients with acceptable toxicity.