A prospective observational study on efficacy and tolerability of the drugs used in treating rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder requiring long-term combination therapy with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS), low-dose steroids, proton pump inhibitors, calcium, and folic acid and these drugs cause multitude of side effects. This study on the efficacy and tolerability of drugs used in RA among South Indian patients can guide in tailoring a treatment regimen more suited for South Indian population. Aims and Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of drugs used in the treatment of RA among South Indian patients. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 120 newly diagnosed RA patients attending rheumatology outpatient department in a tertiary care center in South India were recruited after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval and informed consent. Sociodemographic details and baseline investigations were done. Each patient was followed up for a period of 6 months wherein, response to treatment was evaluated and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported were collected, analyzed and appropriate treatment was instituted. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: One hundred patients completed the study. There was female preponderance (85%) and 38% were rheumatoid factor positive. Efficacy of combination therapy was evidenced falling erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.001), modified health assessment questionnaire,and disease activity score 28 scorings after 1st, 3rd, and 6th month of therapy (P < 0.001) and improvement in hemoglobin count (P < 0.001). The number of swollen joints was also significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Common ADRs reported were gastritis (29%), mucosal ulcers (10%), macrocytic anemia (3%), chloroquine-related ocular toxicity (2%). Conclusion: NSAIDS and steroids helped to achieve early remission and caused most of adverse effects. Methotrexate and chloroquine had good tolerability and were preferred DMARDs in our center. Thus, we conclude that the combination therapy used in our center is efficacious and well tolerated by South Indian population.