A Prospective Observational Study of the Prevalence, Risk Factors, Management and Types of Anaemia in Hospitalized Patients in Surat, India

Abstract

Background: Anaemia is a common condition in hospitalized patients and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, such as increased morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay. However, there is limited research on the prevalence, types, risk factors, and management of anaemia in Surat, India. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of 407 hospitalized patients in Surat, India, to investigate the prevalence, types, risk factors, and management of anaemia. Data were collected through case report forms. Hemoglobin levels were used to diagnose anaemia, and the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used to classify the severity of anaemia. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of anaemia was highest in the pediatric ward, with microcytic normochromic anaemia being the most common type of anaemia in male and female patients. Moderate anaemia was found to be the most common among the study population. The majority of patients were transfused with RBC for severe anaemia. Conclusion: The findings of this study have implications for the management of anaemia in hospital populations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for different patient groups and emphasizing the need for improved screening and management of anaemia, particularly in high-risk populations such as pediatric and female patient.