Abstract
The CaR-FA-X model (Williams et al., 2007), or capture and rumination (CaR), functional avoidance (FA), and impaired executive control (X), is a model of overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM). Two mechanisms of the model, rumination and executive control, were examined in isolation and in interaction in order to investigate OGM over time. Across two time points, six months apart, a total of 149 adolescents (13–16 years) completed the minimal-instruction autobiographical memory test, a measure of executive control with both emotional and nonemotional stimuli, and measures of brooding rumination and reflective pondering. The results showed that executive control for emotional information was negatively associated with OGM, but only when reflective pondering levels were high. Therefore, in the context of higher levels of reflective pondering, greater switch costs (i.e., lower executive control) when processing emotional information predicted a decrease in OGM over time.
Highlights
The CaR-FA-X model (Williams et al, 2007), or capture and rumination (CaR), functional avoidance (FA), and impaired executive control (X), is a model of overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM)
Studies conducted with adults, had suggested that rumination and executive control may be underlying factors in OGM, and in the present study we examined this relationship in an adolescent population
We observed no significant difference between W1 and W2 overgeneral memory scores, nor between W1 and W2 executive control scores for nonemotional information, W1 and W2 depression scores, or W1 and W2 anxiety scores
Summary
The CaR-FA-X model (Williams et al, 2007), or capture and rumination (CaR), functional avoidance (FA), and impaired executive control (X), is a model of overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM). Six months apart, a total of 149 adolescents (13–16 years) completed the minimal-instruction autobiographical memory test, a measure of executive control with both emotional and nonemotional stimuli, and measures of brooding rumination and reflective pondering. In the context of higher levels of reflective pondering, greater switch costs (i.e., lower executive control) when processing emotional information predicted a decrease in OGM over time. The structure of AM is hierarchical, forming a broad life story of past personal memories from the highest level of memory representation for prolonged periods of time, to general memories for single and repeated events, to event specific memory representations (self-memory model; Conway & PleydellPearce, 2000).
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