A prospective cohort study assessing the relationship between long-COVID symptom incidence in COVID-19 patients and COVID-19 vaccination

Abstract

Current studies about the long-term effects of COVID-19 show a wide range of symptoms. This prospective cohort study aimed to find the incidence of long-COVID symptoms and the associated risk factors. We followed 669 confirmed COVID-19 patients. Sociodemographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records and collected via semi-structured telephone interviews on days 10, 30, 60, and 90. The incidence of long-COVID symptoms was 41.6% (95% CI 37.8–45.4%). Females [aOR = 1.5 (95% CI 1.1–2.3)], the elderly [aOR = 4.9 (95% CI 2.0–11.3)], and those who required hospitalization [aOR = 5.0 (95% CI 1.3–3.7)] were at a higher risk of developing long-COVID. Patients with dyspnea at day 10 [aOR: 2.4 (95% CI 1.6–3.7] and fatigue at day 60 [aOR: 3.1 (95% CI 1.5–6.3] were also at risk. While non-vaccinated patients were almost seven times more likely to report long-COVID symptoms than vaccinated patients [aOR: 6.9 (95% CI 4.2–11.3)]. In conclusion, long-COVID was common among COVID-19 patients, with higher rates among females, older age groups, hospitalized patients, and those with dyspnea and fatigue, while vaccination provided protection. Interventions should educate health professionals, raise general public awareness about the risks and consequences of Long COVID, and the value of vaccination.