A prospective and observational study on maternal and fetal outcome in antepartum hemorrhage at a tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Background: Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) in our country is a frequent problem due to various reasons. This event affects maternal physical and mental health, fetal health, family health, social impact, and countries burden at large. We have conducted the study to find out the precise effect on maternal and fetal health. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the socio-demographic variables of study population and analyze mother and fetal outcome and complications of antepartum bleeding in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department, Midnapore Medical College and Hospital. Materials and Methods: This prospective and observational study done for 1 ½ year (April 2021–September 2022), estimated sample size of 100 fulfilling study criteria. Data collected included maternal age, parity, gestational age, delivery pattern, complications after delivery, and fetal complications. Results: In the present study, 92% of patients were booked, maximum number of women presented at 34–36+6 weeks of gestation (34%) followed by 37–39+6 weeks of gestation (28%), mean age of population was 20–24 years, commoner in multipara (66%), stillbirth occurred in 14% of cases, 51% had associated risk factors, 21% suffered from postpartum hemorrhage, 70% of patients required blood transfusion, 91% delivered by cesarean section, zero maternal death, 67% were premature, and 81% were low birth weight. Conclusion: As most of the cases presented late, already complications had occurred. Thus, APH is known to be associated with maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Complications can be minimized by early detection and by proper and prompt management. Proper equipped obstetric and neonatal wards with multidepartmental management facilities can improve mother and perinatal well-being. Routine antenatal visits, timely cesarean sections, timely referral, and correction of anemia with good ICU and NICU facilities can lower the maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.