Abstract
Anomalies such as leakage and bursts in water pipelines have severe consequences for the environment and the economy. To ensure the reliability of water pipelines, they must be monitored effectively. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as an effective technology for monitoring critical infrastructure such as water, oil and gas pipelines. In this paper, we present a scalable design and simulation of a water pipeline leakage monitoring system using Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) and WSN technology. The proposed design targets long-distance aboveground water pipelines that have special considerations for maintenance, energy consumption and cost. The design is based on deploying a group of mobile wireless sensor nodes inside the pipeline and allowing them to work cooperatively according to a prescheduled order. Under this mechanism, only one node is active at a time, while the other nodes are sleeping. The node whose turn is next wakes up according to one of three wakeup techniques: location-based, time-based and interrupt-driven. In this paper, mathematical models are derived for each technique to estimate the corresponding energy consumption and memory size requirements. The proposed equations are analyzed and the results are validated using simulation.
Highlights
The worldwide losses of water due to the distribution network leakage is estimated at 48.6 billion m, causing a monetary loss of approximately 14.6 billion US dollars per year, according to aWorld Bank study [1]
To the best of our knowledge, the problem of monitoring long distance water pipelines using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has not been properly addressed in the published literature, despite its requirement in the practical field
The use of active Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags, which are battery-operated, enables their signal to penetrate through the pipeline walls
Summary
The worldwide losses of water due to the distribution network leakage is estimated at 48.6 billion m , causing a monetary loss of approximately 14.6 billion US dollars per year, according to a. To the best of our knowledge, the problem of monitoring long distance water pipelines using WSNs has not been properly addressed in the published literature, despite its requirement in the practical field. Different type of sensors, such as temperature sensor, pressure sensor, acoustic sensor, flow sensor, and pH sensor are typically used for water pipeline monitoring. These sensors generate appropriate electrical signals based on the sensed phenomena. A scalable design and simulation of a long-distance above ground water pipeline leakage monitoring system using WSN is proposed. Mathematical models are derived to estimate the energy consumption and the memory usage of the proposed design.
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