A propagation technique for native tundra bryophytes for Arctic ecosystem restoration

Abstract

Extreme environmental conditions and limited understanding of ecosystem processes and community dynamics pose significant challenges for Arctic ecosystem restoration activities. As pioneer species, bryophytes are critical to the function and structure of northern ecosystems and play an important role in facilitating soil and microhabitat development. A total of 11 bryophytes species were collected from a mixed community near Lac de Gras in the Northwest Territories, Canada, and a 12 week laboratory study was conducted. Three propagule types (large = 2.1–40 mm, medium = 1.0–2 mm, and small = <1 mm phyllids) and three slurries (distilled water, beer, and buttermilk) were used to determine effective bryophyte propagation techniques and slurries for species introduction in Arctic restoration sites. Medium-size fragments were more effective than large or small for propagating bryophytes as they led to greater bryophyte plant count and cover. Water and beer were more effective than buttermilk, although their effects decreased after 12 weeks. Bryum pseudotriquetrum Hedw. was the most abundant species propagated, followed by Aulacomnium turgidum (Wahlenb.) Schwägr. and Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. This study suggests that propagation with medium-size fragments and distilled water would be most efficient for field application in Arctic ecosystem restoration if bryophyte revegetation is a focus.