Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) radio networks are becoming popular in several scenarios for short-range applications (e.g., wearables and home security) and medium-range applications (e.g., shipping container tracking and autonomous farming). They have also been proposed for water monitoring in flood warning systems. IoT communications may use long range (LoRa) radios working in the 915 MHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. In this research, we study the propagation characteristics of LoRa chirp radio signals close to and over water in a tropical meadow region. We use as a case study the Colima River in Mexico. We develop a novel point-to-point IoT measurement sounding system that does not require decoding of LoRa propriety bursts and provides accurate power versus distance profiles along the riparian zone of a steeply dropping mountain river. We used this system to obtain the measurements reported in this work, which are also analyzed and modeled. The results show that the LoRa signal propagation over water exhibits a log-normal distribution. As a result of the chirp signal processing, two new experimental path loss models are presented. The path loss results show a considerable degradation of the received signal power over water within vegetation and less signal degradation at antenna heights closer to the water surface.
Highlights
IntroductionFor many traditional remote sensing applications, that have previously relied on fixed infrastructure, Internet-of-Things (IoT) alternatives are currently being considered
For many traditional remote sensing applications, that have previously relied on fixed infrastructure, Internet-of-Things (IoT) alternatives are currently being considered.These applications include emergency communication systems [1], ad hoc public safety networks [2], remote structural health monitoring [3], and long-range (LoRa) solutions for rural applications [4].Recently, in a previous work, a low-cost system to study river conditions was deployed and tested in Colima, Mexico [5,6,7]
The red cross-shaped markers indicate the start of each frame; this allows extracting the frames from the entire dataset without the guard intervals in between
Summary
For many traditional remote sensing applications, that have previously relied on fixed infrastructure, Internet-of-Things (IoT) alternatives are currently being considered These applications include emergency communication systems [1], ad hoc public safety networks [2], remote structural health monitoring [3], and long-range (LoRa) solutions for rural applications [4]. In a previous work, a low-cost system to study river conditions was deployed and tested in Colima, Mexico [5,6,7] Some sections of such communication system were located close to populated areas, and they were implemented using fixed rugged gauging stations connected to the cloud by means of 3G cellular networks. Other sections did not have cellular coverage because they were located along the sides of an active volcano or at high altitudes For these areas, fixed infrastructure was not affordable nor protectable. A very attractive alternative for transmitting data related to water sensing in the riparian region of the tropical watercourse is the use of point-to-point (P2P) links with LoRa end-devices (ED) [5]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
