A proof of Perkoʼs conjectures for the Bogdanov–Takens system

Abstract

The Bogdanov–Takens system has at most one limit cycle and, in the parameter space, it exists between a Hopf and a saddle-loop bifurcation curves. The aim of this paper is to prove the Perkoʼs conjectures about some analytic properties of the saddle-loop bifurcation curve. Moreover, we provide sharp piecewise algebraic upper and lower bounds for this curve.