A progressive ratio determination of the relative reinforcing effect of methylphenidate versus cocaine by intravenous self-administration testing in rats

Abstract

s / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 146 (2015) e202–e284 e235 on 32,033 individuals receiving OST between 1st August 2001 and 31st December 2010. Results: A total of 15,600 individuals commenced their first OST treatment episode between 1st August 2001 and 31st December 2010. Of these, 46% (n=7183) commenced buprenorphine and 54% (n=8417) methadone. Approximately half of all individuals (56%) who commenced buprenorphine spent less than 3 months ion treatment, compared to 30% who had commenced methadone. Furthermore, those on methadone had the highest rate of retention in treatment at 12 months (44%) compared to buprenorphine (25%). Receiving buprenorphine in the community was associated with the greatest risk of leaving a first treatment episode (adjusted hazards ratio 1.57, 95% confidence interval 1.51–1.64). Conclusions: Consistent with the results of the RCTs of treatment, individuals commencing methadone are retained longer in treatment than those commencing buprenorphine, independent of the setting in which treatment is received. Financial support: Support for this project was provided by the National Health and Medical Research Council. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.105 How does one measure buprenorphine diffusion? The challenges of alternative measures of success Rachel M. Burns2, Rosalie Pacula3, Andrew W. Dick2, Adam J. Gordon1,4, Mark Sorbero2, Douglas L. Leslie5, Carrie Farmer2, Bradley D. Stein2,1 1 University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States 2 RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA, United States 3 RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States 4 VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States 5 Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United