A prognostic model based on tumor microenvironment and immune cell in colorectal cancer

Abstract

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Immunotherapy is one of the new options for cancer treatment. This study aimed to develop an immune-related signature associated with CRC. Methods We performed differential analysis to screen out the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of The Cancer Genome Atlas–Colorectal Cancer (TCGA-CRC) datasets. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to obtain the key module genes associated with differential immune cells. The candidate genes were obtained through overlapping key DEGs and key module genes. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were adopted to build a CRC prognostic signature. We further conducted immune feature estimation and chemotherapy analysis between two risk subgroups. Finally, we verified the expression of immune-related prognostic genes at the transcriptional level. Results A total of 61 candidate genes were obtained by overlapping key DEGs and key module genes associated with differential immune cells. Then, an immune-related prognostic signature was built based on the three prognostic genes (HAMP, ADAM8, and CD1B). The independent prognostic analysis suggested that age, stage, and RiskScore could be used as independent prognostic factors. Further, we found significantly higher expression of three prognostic genes in the CRC group compared with the normal group. Finally, real-time polymerase chain reaction verified the expression of three genes in patients with CRC. Conclusion The prognostic signature comprising HAMP, ADAM8, and CD1B based on immune cells was established, providing a theoretical basis and reference value for the research of CRC.